Albanian protests turn violent: What we know

The flamingo protesters say they have no links to any political party - one of their slogans being "Rama in jail, Berisha in jail". While Rama is prime minister, Sali Berisha is Albania's main opposition leader - as well as a former prime minister and president. They were attended by young and old, parents with children and sometimes their grandparents. Some of the participants took pride in cleaning up after every night. But after months and an unusually hot summer, their numbers dwindled - with no sign that the government was meeting their demands. The current movement appears far more violent. Dozens of police have been hurt, and the eyes of Europe are now watching what happens next in a country viewed as one of the top candidates for EU membership. Several young protesters told the BBC that what was going on now was a new phase born of the previous movement. Five months of peaceful protest had been "met with humiliation, ridicule, mockery," complained one young woman called Livia. "That was a clear message from the government that our voice will not be allowed to be heard."Another called Brunela said she was worried about what might happen next: "I am very terrified because the media and the government is reacting, especially now. It was not just my voice, it is the voice of Albanian youth."An overlap between the two sets of protests may well have occurred, even though flamingo leaders have not publicly stated so and no representative of the student movement has come forward. After all, their main concerns relate to corruption, which the prime minister says must be investigated by the justice system. Rama has been touring some of the damaged buildings and blaming Sali Berisha for instigating chaos."All of this is the work of the very same hand - the hand that has gripped the Albanian opposition by the throat, the hand that has burned and destroyed Albania more than once, and is now prepared to burn and destroy it again to prevent any progress. It is a blind struggle, fuelled by the most irrational hatred," he said on Friday. The prime minister has ruled out resigning, promising to "listen, address legitimate concerns and keep Albania moving forward". Berisha's Democratic Party has often tried to get people out to oust Rama. But the number of his loyal supporters, who have also protested for months and at times clashed with police, has been low in comparison to the current attendance. So there is some scepticism about Berisha's ability to mastermind the trouble, though he may well seek to capitalise on it. On the other hand, the Albanian media have suggested that secret services of foreign countries may be involved. Unfounded allegations have been made against Serbia, with commentators suggesting Belgrade is envious of Albania being often cited as potentially next in line to join the EU. Indeed, without mentioning names, Prime Minister Rama echoed the allegation on Friday."These are foreign hands that do not wish for Albania to be at peace... they do not want Albania to be part of the united European family," he said, adding: "Do you think it is a coincidence that every time Albania receives another green light... or draws closer to that great ambition - that historic objective - flames suddenly erupt? It is no coincidence at all! None of what is happening now is a coincidence."